对浙江省76份农家柿品种进行表型分析与数量分类研究。结果表明:描述性状呈现多样性,果实、叶片、枝条等组织器官形态特征均有丰富的变化;数量性状各指标变异系数为0.11~0.88,变异程度较高。对农家柿品种进行数量性状分级:当以单果质量81、123 g为分级点划分时,小果型品种占30%,大果型品种占30%,中果型品种占40%;当以果形指数0.9和1.1为分级点划分时,扁果形品种占30%,圆果形品种占40%,长果形品种占30%。对表型指标进行主成分分析,前4个主成分可归纳出综合因子,第1、2、4主成分分别归纳为果实综合因子、叶片综合因子、枝条综合因子,第3主成分主要与果实性状有关,并可去除特征向量值绝对值在0.50以下的指标,实现指标的优化;对优化的指标进行Q聚类分析,在不同分划线和阈值处,各类群特征表现各异,聚类结果与柿传统形态学分类较相符,并可将金枣柿系列和其它柿品种明显分为两类;R聚类分析则显示较多果实性状聚为一类,枝条、叶片等性状并未有明显规律,但却发现一些与柿营养生长相关的表型性状聚为一类。本研究也初步解决了农家柿品种中存在的同名异物和同物异名现象,通过观察比较和聚类分析,最终确认这76份农家柿品种实际品种数量为68个。

Idesia polycarpa is an important woody oil and biomass energy tree species in China, the development of germplasm resources and research of genetic variation on I. polycarpa are of great significance. The phenotypic traits were investigated and determined, and variation among and within populations were analyzed on nine natural groups in the distribution zone of I. polycarpa. The results indicated that there were significant differences in age, growth and yield traits of I. polycarpa from different population, especially in yield. There were rich variations in fifteen phenotypic traits including leaf length. These variation appeared among and within populations, and with similar contribution rate (31.99% and 30.82%). The variation of fruit traits were much more obvious in phenotypes, and the variation coefficients such as number of fruits per grain, which were closely related to yield, were up to 38%. The rich genetic variation of I. polycarpa provides many advantages for the development and utilization of germplasm resources, selecting and breeding.

以浙江省内37份金枣柿和3份农家柿品种为材料，利用SSR分子标记技术，结合表型性状和果实营养成分指标，分析不同产地金枣柿遗传多样性。结果表明：金枣柿枝、叶、芽等表型性状具有丰富的形态多样性，14个表型性状的变异系数为7.23%~23.54%，其中萼片长与柿蒂长变异系数最大，果形指数、叶形指数变异系数最小；果实营养成分在单株间的变异丰富，变异系数为9.58%~66.21%，平均变异系数为37.89%，变异程度高于表型性状；21对SSR多态性引物可从40份材料中扩增出381个DNA位点，平均多态性位点百分率为92.89%，UPGMA聚类分析显示，所选SSR标记能将供试材料完全区分开，在遗传相似系数0.74时将40个试验单株分为3类，主坐标分析所得结果与聚类分析基本一致。该研究结果为金枣柿种质资源的科学利用提供了依据。